Deception: Publications

Table of Contents
Deception Papers with Summaries
Other Papers on Deception
Papers on Nonverbal Communication
Books and Papers on Other Topics

Deception Papers with Summaries

DePaulo, B. M., Kashy, D. A., Kirkendol, S. E., Wyer, M. M., & Epstein, J. A. (1996). Lying in everyday life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 979-995.

(Available in The Lies We Tell and the Clues We Miss: Professional Papers.)

Kashy, D. A., & DePaulo, B. M. (1996). Who lies? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 1037-1051. (Available in The Lies We Tell and the Clues We Miss: Professional Papers.)

DePaulo, B.M., & Kashy, D.A. (1998). Everyday lies in close and casual relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 63-79. (Available in The Lies We Tell and the Clues We Miss: Professional Papers.)

DePaulo, B. M. (2004). The many faces of lies. In A. G. Miller (Ed.), The social psychology of good and evil (pp. 303-326). NY: Guilford. (Available in The Social Psychology of Good and Evil.)

DePaulo, B.M., & Bell, K.L. (1996). Truth and investment: Lies are told to those who care. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 703-716. (Available in The Lies We Tell and the Clues We Miss: Professional Papers.)

DePaulo, B.M., Lindsay, J.J., Malone, B.E., Muhlenbruck, L., Charlton, K., & Cooper, H. (2003). Cues to deception. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 74-118. (Available in The Lies We Tell and the Clues We Miss: Professional Papers.)

Other Papers on Deception

DePaulo, B. M., Morris, W. L., & Sternglanz, R. W. (2009). When the truth hurts: Deception in the name of kindness. In A. L. Vangelisti (Ed.), Feeling Hurt in Close Relationships (pp. 167-190). Cambridge University Press. (Available in Feeling Hurt in Close Relationships.)

Bond, C.F. Jr., & DePaulo, B.M. (2008). Individual differences in detecting deception: Accuracy and bias. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 477-492.

Bond, C. F. Jr. & DePaulo, B. M. (2008). Individual differences in judging deception: Reply to O’Sullivan (2008) and Pigott and Wu (2008). Psychological Bulletin, 134, 501-503.

Bond, C.F. Jr., & DePaulo, B.M. (2006). Accuracy of deception judgments. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 214-234.

DePaulo, B. M., & Morris, W. L. (2005). Discerning lies from truths: Behavioral cues to deception and the indirect pathway of intuition. In P. A. Granhag & L. A. Stromwall (Eds.), Deception detection in forensic contexts (pp. 15-40). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

DePaulo, B.M., Ansfield, M.E., Kirkendol, S.E., & Boden, J.M. (2004). Serious lies. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 26, 147-167. (Read more of the voices behind the serious lies, plus discussion – jargon-free – in Behind the Door of Deceit: Understanding the Biggest Liars in Our Lives.)

Lying in Relationships
Anderson, D.E., Ansfield, M.E., & DePaulo, B.M. (1999). Love's best habit: Deception in the context of relationships. In P. Philippot, R.S. Feldman, & E.J. Coats (Eds.), The social context of nonverbal behavior (pp. 372-409). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Anderson, D.E., DePaulo, B.M., & Ansfield, M.E. (2002). The development of deception detection skill: A longitudinal study of same sex friends. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 536-545.

Bell, K.L., & DePaulo, B.M. (1996). Liking and lying. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 18, 243-266.

DePaulo, B.M., Tang, J., & Stone, J.I. (1987). Physical attractiveness and skill at detecting deception. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 13, 177-187.

(See also “Everyday lies in close and casual relationships,” under “Deception papers with abstracts.”)

Indirect Deception Detection
Anderson, D.E., DePaulo, B.M., Ansfield, M.E., Tickle, J.J., & Green, E. (1999). Beliefs about cues to deception: Mindless stereotypes or untapped wisdom? Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 23, 67-89.

Malone, B.E., & DePaulo, B.M. (2001). Measuring sensitivity to deception. In J.A. Hall & F. Bernieri (Eds.), Interpersonal sensitivity: Theory, measurement, and application (pp. 103-124). NJ: Erlbaum.

Lying in Politics and in the Workplace
DePaulo, P.J., & DePaulo, B.M. (1989). Can attempted deception by salespersons and customers be detected through nonverbal behavioral cues? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 19, 1552-1577.

DePaulo, B.M., & Pfeifer, R.L. (1986). On-the-job experience and skill at detecting deception. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 16, 249-267.

DePaulo, P.J., DePaulo, B.M., Tang, J., & Swaim, G.W. (1989). Lying and detecting lies in organizations. In R.A. Giacalone & P. Rosenfeld (Eds.), Impression management in organizational settings (pp. 377-393). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

DePaulo, B.M., (1992). Negotiating the thicket of truths and deceits in politics and in everyday life. The Long Term View, 1, 5-8.

(See also, “The many faces of lies,” under “Deception papers with summaries”)

Depression, Anxiety, Confidence, and Suspiciousness in the Detection of Deception

Lane, J.D., & DePaulo, B.M. (1999). Dysphorics' ability to detect deception: Completing Coyne's cycle. Journal of Research in Personality, 33, 311-329.

DePaulo, B.M., & Tang, J. (1994). Social anxiety and social judgment: The example of detecting deception. Journal of Research in Personality, 28, 142-153.

Toris, C., & DePaulo, B.M. (1984). Effects of actual deception and suspiciousness of deception on interpersonal perceptions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1063-1073.

DePaulo, B.M., Charlton, K., Cooper, H., Lindsay, J.J., & Muhlenbruck, L. (1997). The accuracy-confidence correlation in the detection of deception. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 1, 346-357.

Sex Differences
DePaulo, B.M., & Epstein, J.A., & Wyer, M.M. (1993). Sex differences in lying: How women and men deal with the dilemma of deceit. In M. Lewis & C. Sarrni (Eds.), Lying and deception in everyday life (pp. 126-147). New York: Guilford Press.

Rosenthal, R., & DePaulo, B. M. (1979). Sex differences in eavesdropping on nonverbal cues. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 273-285.

Blanck, P. D., Rosenthal, R., Snodgrass, S. E., DePaulo, B. M., & Zuckerman, M. (1981). Sex differences in eavesdropping on nonverbal cues: Developmental changes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 391-396.

Rosenthal, R., & DePaulo, B. M. (1979). Sex differences in accommodation in nonverbal communication. In R. Rosenthal (Ed.), Skill in nonverbal communication (pp. 68-103). Cambridge, MA.: Oelgeschlager, Gunn, & Hain.

DePaulo, B. M. (1981). Success at detecting deception: Liability or skill? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 364, 245-255.

(See also “Lying in everyday life,” under “Deception papers with abstracts.”)

Motivation and Deception
DePaulo, B. M., Lanier, K., & Davis, T. (1983). Detecting the deceit of the motivated liar. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 1096-1103.

DePaulo, B.M., Stone, J.I., & Lassiter, G.D. (1985). Telling ingratiating lies: Effects of target sex and target attractiveness on verbal and nonverbal deceptive success. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1191-1203.

--Reprinted in C.N. Jacklin (Ed.) (1992). The psychology of gender (Vol. 4, pp. 54-66). New York: New York University Press.

DePaulo, B.M., LeMay, C.S., & Epstein, J.A. (1991). Effects of importance of success and expectations for success on effectiveness at deceiving. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 14-24.

DePaulo, B.M., Kirkendol, S.E., Tang, J., & O'Brien, T.P. (1988). The motivational impairment effect in the communication of deception: Replications and extensions. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 12, 177-202.

DePaulo, B.M., & Kirkendol, S.E. (1989). The motivational impairment effect in the communication of deception. In J. Yuille (Ed.), Credibility assessment (pp. 51-70). Belgium: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Developmental Issues in Deceiving and Detecting Deceit
DePaulo, B. M., Jordan, A., Irvine, A., & Laser, P. S. (1982). Age changes in the detection of deception. Child Development, 53, 701-709.

DePaulo, B. M., & Jordan, A. (1982). Age changes in deceiving and detecting deceit. In R. S. Feldman (Ed.), Development of nonverbal behavior in children (pp. 151-180). New York: Springer-Verlag.

DePaulo, B.M. (1992). Should we bemoan or applaud the loss of innocence? (Review of Children's interpersonal trust: Sensitivity to lying, deception, and promise violations, edited by K.J. Rotenberg.) Contemporary Psychology, 37, 935.

DePaulo, B.M. (1993). Little liars: What lawyers want to know and what psychologists can tell them. (Review of Cognitive and social factors in early deception, edited by S.J. Ceci, M. DeSimone Leichtman, & M.E. Putnick.) Applied Cognitive Psychology, 7, 360-361.

Reviews and Comments
DePaulo, B. M., Wetzel, C., Sternglanz, C., & Wilson, M. W. (2003). Verbal and nonverbal dynamics of privacy, secrecy, and deceit. Journal of Social Issues, 59, 391-410.

DePaulo, B.M. (1994). Spotting lies: Can humans learn to do better? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 3, 83-86.

--Reprinted in Annual editions: Social psychology: 1996. Guilford, CT: The Dushkin Publishing Group/Brown and Benchmark Publishers. (Also reprinted in the 1998 edition.)

DePaulo, B. M., Stone, J. I., & Lassiter, G. D. (1985). Deceiving and detecting deceit. In B.R. Schlenker (Ed.), The self and social life (pp. 323-370). New York: McGraw-Hill.

DePaulo, B.M., & Ansfield, M.E. (1996). Detecting deception from nonverbal cues: Pinocchio's revenge. Legal Medical Quarterly, 20, 15-19.

DePaulo, B.M. (1994). Deception. In T. Manstead & M. Hewstone (Eds.), Blackwell encyclopedia of social psychology (pp. 164-168). Oxford: Blackwell.

DePaulo, B.M., & Tornqvist, J.S. (1998). Deception. In H.S. Friedman (Ed.), Encyclopedia of mental health (Vol. 1, pp. 675-685). New York: Academic Press.

Tornqvist, J.S., Anderson, D.E., & DePaulo, B.M. (2001). Deception. In W.P. Robinson & H. Giles (Eds.). Handbook of language and social psychology (2nd ed., pp. 271-284). Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons.

Zuckerman, M., DePaulo, B.M., & Rosenthal, R. (1986). Humans as deceivers and lie-detectors. In P.D. Blanck, R. Buck, & R. Rosenthal (Eds.), Nonverbal communication in the clinical context (pp. 13-36). University Park, PA.: Penn State Press.

DePaulo, B. M., Zuckerman, M., & Rosenthal, R. (1980). Humans as lie-detectors. Journal of Communication, 30, 129-139.

DePaulo, B. M., Zuckerman, M., & Rosenthal, R. (1980). The deceptions of everyday life. Journal of Communication, 30, 216-218.

DePaulo, B. M., Zuckerman, M., & Rosenthal, R. (1980). Detecting deception: Modality effects. In L. Wheeler (Ed.), The review of personality and social psychology (pp. 125-162). Beverly Hills, CA.: Sage.

Zuckerman, M., DePaulo, B. M., & Rosenthal, R. (1981). Verbal and nonverbal communication of deception. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 14, pp. l-59). New York: Academic Press.

DePaulo, B.M. (1996). Review of By the grace of guile: The role of deception in natural history and human affairs by Loyal Rue, Political Psychology, 17, 387-390.

DePaulo, B.M. (1997). Truth and distortion: Insights and oversights about deceit. (Review of Deceit, delusion, and detection, by W. Peter Robinson.) Contemporary Psychology, 42, 711-712.

DePaulo, B.M., Ansfield, M.E., & Bell, K.L. (1996). Theoriesabout deception and paradigms for studying it. Communication Theory, 6, 297-310.

This and That
DePaulo, B.M. (Ed.). (1988). Deception: Part 1. [Special issue]. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 3.

DePaulo, B.M. (Ed.). (1988). Deception: Part 2. [Special issue]. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 4.

DePaulo, B. M., Lassiter, G. D., & Stone, J. I. (1982). Attentional determinants of success at detecting deception and truth. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 8, 273-279.

DePaulo, B. M., & Rosenthal, R. (1979). Telling lies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1713-1722.

DePaulo, B. M., & Rosenthal, R. (1979). Ambivalence, discrepancy, and deception in nonverbal communication. In R. Rosenthal (Ed.), Skill in nonverbal communication (pp. 204-248). Cambridge, MA.: Oelgeschlager, Gunn, & Hain.

Zuckerman, M., Spiegel, N. H., DePaulo, B. M., & Rosenthal, R. (1982). Nonverbal strategies for decoding deception. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 6, 171-187.

DePaulo, B. M., Rosenthal, R., Green, C. R., & Rosenkrantz, J. (1982). Diagnosing deceptive and mixed messages from verbal and nonverbal cues. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 18, 433-446.

DePaulo, B. M., Rosenthal, R., Rosenkrantz, J., & Green, C. R. (1982). Actual and perceived cues to deception: A closer look at speech. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 3, 291-312.

DePaulo, B.M. (1988). Nonverbal aspects of deception. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 12, 153-161.

DePaulo, B.M., Blank, A.L., Swain, G.W., & Hairfield, J.G. (1992). Expressiveness and expressive control. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 276-285.

Papers on Nonverbal Communication
Sternglanz, R. W., & DePaulo, B. M. (2004). Reading nonverbal cues to emotion: The advantages and liabilities of relationship closeness. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 24, 245-266.

DePaulo, B.M., & Friedman, H.S. (1998). Nonverbal communication. In D. Gilbert, S.T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (4th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 3-40). NY: Random House.

DePaulo, B.M. (1992). Nonverbal behavior and self-presentation. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 203-243. (Available in The Lies We Tell and the Clues We Miss: Professional Papers.)

DePaulo, B.M. (1993). Nonverbal communication of expectancy effects: Can we communicate high expectations if only we try? In P.D. Blanck (Ed.), Interpersonal expectations: Theory, research, and applications (pp. 261-275). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ansfield, M.E., DePaulo, B.M., & Bell, K.L. (1995). Familiarity effects in nonverbal understanding: Recognizing our own facial expressions and our friends'. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 19, 135-149.

Nasby, W., Hayden, B., & DePaulo, B. M. (1980). Attributional bias among aggressive boys to interpret unambiguous social stimuli as hostile displays. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 89, 459-468.

Brauer, D. V., & DePaulo, B. M. (1980). Similarities between friends in their understanding of nonverbal cues. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 5, 64-68.

DePaulo, B.M. (1993). The ability to judge others from their expressive behaviors. In K. Craik, R. Wolfe, & R. Hogan (Eds.), Fifty years of personality psychology (pp. 197-206). NY: Plenum.

DePaulo, B. M., Rosenthal, R., Eisenstat, R. A., Rogers, P. L., & Finkelstein, S. (1978). Decoding discrepant nonverbal cues. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 313-323.

--Reprinted in R. Rosenthal, J. A. Hall, D. Archer, M.R. DiMatteo, & P. L. Rogers. (1979). An introduction to measuring sensitivity to nonverbal cues: The PONS test manual. New York: Irvington.

DePaulo, B.M. (1991). Nonverbal behavior and self-presentation: A developmental perspective. In R.S. Feldman & B. Rime (Eds.), Fundamentals of nonverbal behavior (pp. 351-397). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

DePaulo, B. M., & Rosenthal, R. (1982). Measuring the development of nonverbal sensitivity. In C.E. Izard (Ed.), Measuring emotions in infants and children (pp. 208-247). New York: Cambridge University Press.

DePaulo, B. M., & Rosenthal, R. (1979). Age changes in nonverbal decoding skills: Evidence for increasing differentiation. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 25, 145-150.

Zuckerman, M., Blanck, P. D., DePaulo, B. M., & Rosenthal, R. (1980). Developmental changes in detecting discrepant and nondiscrepant nonverbal cues. Developmental Psychology, 16, 220-228.

DePaulo, B. M., & Rosenthal, R. (1978). Age changes in nonverbal decoding as a function of increasing amounts of information. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 26, 280-287.

DePaulo, B. M., Rosenthal, R., Finkelstein, S., & Eisenstat, R. A. (1979). The developmental priority of the evaluative dimension in perceptions of nonverbal cues. Environmental Psychology and Nonverbal Behavior, 3, 164-171.

Blanck, P. D., Rosenthal, R., Snodgrass, S. E., DePaulo, B. M., & Zuckerman, M. (1982). Longitudinal and cross-sectional age effects in nonverbal decoding skill and style. Developmental Psychology, 18, 491-498.

Rosenthal, R. & DePaulo, B. M. (1979). Expectancies, discrepancies, and courtesies in nonverbal communication. Western Journal of Speech Communication, 43, 76-93.

Rosenthal, R., & DePaulo, B. M. (1980). Encoders vs. decoders as units of analysis in research in nonverbal communication. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 5, 92-103.

DePaulo, B. M., & Rosenthal, R. (1979). The structure of nonverbal decoding skills. Journal of Personality, 47, 506-517.

DePaulo, B. M. (1980). Nonverbal communication: A useful book of lists (Review of Nonverbal communication: The state of the art by R. G. Harper, A. N. Wiens, & J. D. Matarazzo). Semiotica, 29, 365-375.

Blanck, P. D., Zuckerman, M., DePaulo, B. M., & Rosenthal, R. (1980). Sibling resemblances in nonverbal skill and style. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 4, 219-226.

Books and Papers on Other Topics
Fisher, J. D., Nadler, A., & DePaulo, B. M. (Eds.). (1983). New directions in helping. Volume 1: Recipient reactions to aid. New York: Academic Press.

DePaulo, B. M., Nadler, A., & Fisher, J. D. (Eds.). (1983). New directions in helping. Volume 2: Help-seeking. New York: Academic Press.

Nadler, A., Fisher, J. D., & DePaulo, B. M (Eds.). (1983). New directions in helping. Volume 3: Applied perspectives on help-seeking and receiving. New York: Academic Press.

DePaulo, B.M., Tang, J., Webb, W., Hoover, C., Marsh, K., & Litowitz, C. (1989). Age differences in reactions to receiving help in a peer-tutoring context. Child Development, 60, 423-439.

DePaulo, B.M., Dull, W.R., Greenberg, J.M., & Swaim, G.W. (1989). Are shy people reluctant to ask for help? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 834-844.

DePaulo, B. M., & Fisher, J. D. (1980). The costs of asking for help. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 1, 23-35.

DePaulo, B. M., Brown, P. L., Ishii, S., & Fisher, J. D. (1981). Help that works: The effects of aid on subsequent task performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 478-487.

DePaulo, B. M., Brittingham, G. L., & Kaiser, M. K. (1983). Receiving competence-relevant help: Effects on reciprocity, affect, and sensitivity to the helper's nonverbally-expressed needs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 1045-1060.

DePaulo, B. M., & Fisher, J. D. (1981). Too tuned-out to take: The role of nonverbal sensitivity in help-seeking. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 7, 201-205.

DePaulo, B. M. (1982). Social psychological processes in informal help-seeking. In T.A. Wills (Ed.), Basic processes in helping relationships (pp. 255-279). New York: Academic Press.

DePaulo, B. M., Brown, P. L., & Greenberg, J. M. (1983). The effects of help on task performance in achievement contexts. In J. D. Fisher, A. Nadler, & B. M. DePaulo (Eds.), New directions in helping (Vol. 1): Recipient reactions to aid (pp. 223-249). New York: Academic Press.

DePaulo, B. M. (1983). Perspectives on help-seeking. In B.M. DePaulo, A. Nadler, & J.D. Fisher (Eds.), New directions in helping (Vol. 2): Help-seeking (pp. 3-12). New York: Academic Press.

DePaulo, B. M., Leiphart, V. M., & Dull, W. R. (1984). Help-seeking and social interaction: Person, situation, and process considerations. In D. Bar-Tal, J. Karylowski, J. Reykowski, & E. Staub (Eds.), The development and maintenance of prosocial behavior (pp. 337-357). New York: Plenum.

Wills, T.A., & DePaulo, B.M. (1991). An interpersonal analysis of the help-seeking process. In C.R. Snyder & D.R. Forsyth (Eds), Handbook of social and clinical psychology (pp. 350-375). NY: Pergamon.

Fisher, J. D., DePaulo, B. M., & Nadler, A. (1981). Extending altruism beyond the altruistic act: The mixed effects of aid on the help recipient. In J. P. Rushton & R. M. Sorrentino (Eds.), Altruism and helping behavior (pp. 367-422). Hillsdale, NJ.: Erlbaum.

Druian, P. R., & DePaulo, B. M. (1977). Asking a child for help. Social Behavior and Personality, 5, 33-39.

DePaulo, B. M. (1978). Accepting help from teachers -- when the teachers are children. Human Relations, 31, 459-474.

DePaulo, B. M. (1978). Help-seeking from the recipient's point of view. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 8, 62. (Ms. No. 1721).

DePaulo, B. M. (1978). Accuracy in predicting situational variations in help-seekers' responses. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 4, 330-333.

Kenny, D.A., & DePaulo, B.M. (1993). Do we know how others view us? An empirical and theoretical account. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 145-161.

DePaulo, B.M., Kenny, D.A., Hoover, C., Webb, W., & Oliver, P. (1987). Accuracy of person perception: Do people know what kinds of impressions they convey? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 303-315.

--Reprinted in W.A. Lesko (Ed.) (1991). Readings in social psychology: General, classic, and contemporary selections (pp.44-63). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Kenny, D.A. & DePaulo, B.M. (1994). Meta-perception. In D.A. Kenny, Interpersonal perception: A Social Relations analysis (pp. 144-176). New York: Guilford Press.

Harackiewicz, J., & DePaulo, B. M. (1982). Accuracy of person perception: A component analysis according to Cronbach. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 8, 247-256.

DePaulo, B.M., & Coleman, L.M. (1986). Talking to children, foreigners, and retarded adults. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 945-959.

DePaulo, B.M., & Coleman, L.M. (1987). Verbal and nonverbal communication of warmth to children, foreigners, and retarded adults. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 11, 75-88.

DePaulo, B. M., & Coleman, L. (1981). Evidence for the specialness of the "baby talk" register. Language and Speech, 24, 223-231.

Coleman, L.M., & DePaulo, B.M. (1991). Uncovering the human spirit: Moving beyond disability and "missed" communications. In N. Coupland, H. Giles, & J. Wiemann (Eds.), Handbook of miscommunication and problematic talk (pp. 61-84). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage

DePaulo, B. M., & Bonvillian, J. D. (1978). The effect on language development of the special characteristics of speech addressed to children. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 7, 189-211.

Judd, C. M., & DePaulo, B. M. (1979). The effect of perspective differences on the measurement of involving attitudes. Social Psychology Quarterly, 42, 185-189.

Wilson, T.D., DePaulo, B.M., Mook, D.G., & Klaaren, K.J. (1993). Scientists' evaluations of research: The biasing effects of the importance of the topic. Psychological Science, 4, 322-325.

DePaulo, B.M., & Kulik, J.A. (1999). Roger Brown (1925-1997). American Psychologist, 54, 1128-1129.

DePaulo, B. M. (1978). Review of Observing behavior (2 vols.) by G. P. Sackett (Ed.), Social Science and Medicine, 12, 288-289.

DePaulo, B.M., Epstein, J.A., & LeMay, C.S. (1990). Responses of the socially anxious to the prospect of interpersonal evaluation. Journal of Personality, 58, 623-640.

Schutz, A., & DePaulo, B.M. (1996). Self-esteem and evaluative reactions: Letting people speak for themselves. Journal of Research in Personality, 30, 137-156.

DePaulo, B.M., & Bell, K.L. (1990). Rapport is not so soft anymore. (Commentary on The nature of rapport and its nonverbal correlates, by L. Tickle-Degnen & R. Rosenthal). Psychological Inquiry, 1, 305-308.

Summaries

Lying in Everyday Life
Bella M. DePaulo, Deborah A. Kashy, Susan E. Kirkendol, Melissa M. Wyer, and Jennifer A. Epstein

In 2 diary studies of lying, 77 college students reported telling 2 lies a day, and 70 community members told 1. Participants told more self-centered lies than other-oriented lies, except in dyads involving only women, in which other-oriented lies were as common as self-centered ones. Participants told relatively more self-centered lies to men and relatively more other-oriented lies to women. Consistent with the view of lying as an everyday social interaction process, participants said that they did not regard their lies as serious and did not plan them much or worry about being caught. Still, social interactions in which lies were told were less pleasant and less intimate than those in which no lies were told. (Available in The Lies We Tell and the Clues We Miss: Professional Papers.)

Who Lies?
Deborah A. Kashy and Bella M. DePaulo

Seventy-seven undergraduates and 70 demographically diverse members of the community completed 12 individual-differences measures hypothesized to predict lie-telling in everyday life and then kept a diary every day for a week of all of their social interactions and all of the lies that they told during those interactions. Consistent with predictions, the people who told more lies were more manipulative, more concerned with self-presentation, and more sociable. People who told fewer lies were more highly socialized and reported higher quality same-sex relationships. Manipulative people, less highly socialized people, and people with less gratifying same-sex relationships also told especially more self-serving lies, whereas people with higher quality same-sex relationships told relatively more other-oriented lies. (Available in The Lies We Tell and the Clues We Miss: Professional Papers.)

Everyday Lies in Close and Casual Relationships
Bella M. DePaulo and Deborah A. Kashy

In 2 diary studies, 77 undergraduates and 70 community members recorded their social interactions and lies for a week. Because lying violates the openness and authenticity that people value in their close relationships, we predicted (and found) that participants would tell fewer lies per social interaction to the people to whom they felt closer and would feel more uncomfortable when they did lie to those people. Because altruistic lies can communicate caring, we also predicted (and found) that relatively more of the lies told to best friends and friends would be altruistic than self-serving, whereas the reverse would be true of lies told to acquaintances and strangers. Also consistent with predictions, lies told to closer partners were more often discovered. (Available in The Lies We Tell and the Clues We Miss: Professional Papers.)

The Many Faces of Lies
Bella M. DePaulo

[From the introduction by Arthur G. Miller, the editor of the book.] In perhaps no other specific area in this volume is the line between good and evil more blurred than in the case of lying and deceit. DePaulo notes that lying is widely condemned, yet even more widely practiced. Lies vary in their seriousness but invariably carry a poor moral image, at least in the abstract. In the arenas of actual life, people are adept at strategic lying to manage the challenges and dilemmas of their lives. DePaulo notes that, by definition, lying is intentional act – a deliberate attempt to mislead – yet some lies appear to be essentially mindless and automatic. Although motivations for lying vary, the self-concept is frequently a primary beneficiary of successful lying. We may also, of course, lie to help others – for example, by not telling them bad news – as well as to harm them. The author includes a discussion of hypocrisy, ‘scrupulous honesty,’ and the morality of lying, giving readers an instructive portrait of social psychology ‘at work’ on a problem of great complexity and social consequence. (Available in The Social Psychology of Good and Evil, edited by Arthur G. Miller.)

Truth and Investment: Lies are Told to Those Who Care
Bella M. DePaulo and Kathy L. Bell

Participants discussed paintings they liked and disliked with artists who were or were not personally invested in them. Participants were urged to be honest or polite or were given no special instructions. There were no conditions under which the artists received totally honest feedback about the paintings they cared about. As predicted by the defensibility postulate, participants stonewalled, amassed misleading evidence, and conveyed positive evaluations by implication. They also told some outright lies. But the participants also communicated clearly their relative degrees of liking for the different special paintings. The results provide new answers to the question of why beliefs about other people's appraisals do not always correspond well with their actual appraisals.

(Available in The Lies We Tell and the Clues We Miss: Professional Papers.)

Cues to Deception
Bella M. DePaulo, James J. Lindsay, Brian E. Malone, Laura Muhlenbruck, Kelly Charlton, Kelly, and Harris Cooper

Do people behave differently when they are lying compared with when they are telling the truth? The combined results of 1,338 estimates of 158 cues to deception are reported. Results show that in some ways, liars are less forthcoming than truth tellers, and they tell less compelling tales. They also make a more negative impression and are more tense. Their stories include fewer ordinary imperfections and unusual contents. However, many behaviors showed no discernible links, or only weak links, to deceit. Cues to deception were more pronounced when people were motivated to succeed, especially when the motivations were identity relevant rather than monetary or material. Cues to deception were also stronger when lies were about transgressions. (Available in The Lies We Tell and the Clues We Miss: Professional Papers.)